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劳动力市场影响评估，是由加拿大就业及社会发展部针对加拿大雇主聘用外籍劳工对加拿大劳动力市场产生潜在影响的评估文件。获批的劳动力市场影响评估意味着没有加拿大公民或永久居民可以填补雇主的用工短缺，因此雇主可以雇请外籍劳工。被拒的劳动力市场影响评估则表明，该岗位空缺应该由加拿大公民或永久居民填补。
劳动力市场影响评估由雇主提交申请，外籍劳工无法直接进行申请。虽然某些情况下雇主可以聘用无需劳动力市场影响评估支持或持有工作许可的外籍劳工，但加拿大临时外籍劳工计划下所有类别都要求雇主必须获批劳动力市场影响评估才能招聘外籍劳工。
A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a document issued by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) assessing the impact of hiring a foreign national in Canada. A positive LMIA indicates that there is no Canadian citizen or permanent resident to fill a position, therefore enabling an employer to hire a foreign national. A negative LMIA indicates that a position should be filled by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.
A foreign national cannot apply for an LMIA. Rather, LMIAs are documents which must be applied for by a Canadian employer. While sometimes it is possible to hire a foreign worker who is exempt from needing an LMIA, or who is exempt from requiring a work permit, all streams of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) require that an employer obtain an LMIA in order to hire outside of Canada.
加拿大如何做出劳动力市场影响评估申请决断
劳动力市场影响评估能否获批由加拿大就业及社会发展部决定后转发给加拿大移民部，之后由移民部将最终决定通知雇主。加拿大就业及社会发展部会参考以下因素，做出针对批复劳动力影响评估的决断：
- 聘用外籍劳工将对加拿大劳动力市场产生的影响。
- 外籍劳工的薪资与工作条件。
- 是否有加拿大公民或永久居民可以从事相关工作。
- 是否可以将聘用的外籍劳工掌握的知识技能进行有效转移。
- 聘用外籍劳工是否有助于为加拿大公民和永久居民创造就业机会。
The decision on whether or not to issue a positive LMIA is made by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and then issued to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). IRCC then informs the employer of the final LMIA decision. In making an LMIA decision, ESDC considers several factors including:
- The impact of hiring the foreign worker will have on the Canadian labour market.
- The wages and working conditions being offered to the foreign worker.
- The availability of Canadian citizens or permanent residents to do the job in question.
- Whether a transfer of useful knowledge and skills would result from hiring the foreign worker.
- Whether hiring the foreign worker will help create jobs for Canadian citizens and permanent residents.